ROCK, STONE, AND MINERAL NAMES Updated 2nd April 2017 |
ROCK, STONE, AND
MINERAL NAMES
The following is a simple, albeit long, list of some rock, mineral, and stone names, and their alternatives. Most of the names listed here are recognised in the mineralogical sense, but a few names that have acquired common usage will inevitably have crept in. Where possible, I have included in brackets my best attempts at providing a chemical name or description for each entry. Many entries in this list are in fact repeats where a particular stone has several names, so this list enables some cross referencing. For example, the gemstone Aquamarine is listed under:
·
Aquamarine
·
Beryl,
Blue
·
Blue
Beryl
Some minerals are very simple in their make-up but all too often their simplicity belies a complex variety of appearances. Quartz (Silicon dioxide) and Calcite (Calcium carbonate) are prime examples and these two minerals alone, along with additives, make up a large proportion of minerals in Earth's crust with perhaps over 200 varieties, many of them listed here. In some cases the chemical description is simplified. Tiny amounts of other material that may impart colour to another mineral I have sometimes omitted for clarity. For example, Amethyst gets its colour from tiny amounts of Iron so strictly speaking it should be listed as 'Iron Silicon dioxide'. It is listed as Silicon dioxide for simplicity.
There are approximately 700 entries in this list which
details roughly 250 separate minerals. I
once heard that there were something in the order of 5000 separately identified
materials if you include native elements as well as all the different rocks and
minerals that exist in nature. If one
were to include all the synonyms for a given mineral this page represents but a
small fraction of what could be listed.
So, it is safe to say that this list, thought it may be long, is far
from complete. As and when I have time I
plan to add to it but in the meantime should you find something to add to the
list, or should you spot an error, please feel free to drop me a line to
indicate so.
Derek Haselden
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Acanthite - (Silver sulphide)
Achroite Elbaite, Clear Tourmaline
(Complex borosilicate)
Actinolite
- (Calcium (Magnesium/Iron) hydroxysilicate)
Adamite - (Zinc hydroxyarsenate)
Adularia Clear Orthoclase (Potassium aluminium silicate)
Aegerine - (Sodium iron silicate)
Agate Banded chalcedony (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Blue Lace - (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Carnelian - (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Dendritic
Merlinite, Mocha Stone, Tree Stone (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Fire - (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Fortification - (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Landscape - (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Mexican Vaquilla (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Moss Green Moss Agate (Silicon dioxide)
Agate,
Tree Green Tree Agate (Silicon dioxide)
Akermanite
- (Calcium magnesium silicate)
Albite
Plagioclase Feldspar (Sodium
calcium aluminosilicate)
Alexandrite Chrysoberyl (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Almandine Red Garnet (Iron aluminium silicate)
Alunite - (Potassium aluminium hydroxysulphate)
Amazonite Amazonstone,
Microcline (Potassium aluminium
silicate)
Amazonstone
Amazonite, Microcline (Potassium
aluminium silicate)
Amber Succinite,
Burmite, Simetite (Organic plant resin)
Amblygonite -
((Lithium/Sodium) aluminium fluorohydroxyphosphate)
Amethyst Mauve Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Amethyst,
Chevron Dogtooth Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Amethyst,
Dogtooth Chevron Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Amethyst,
New Cape Pale Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Amethyst,
Pale New Cape Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Analcite - (Hydrated sodium aluminosilicate)
Anatase - (Titanium oxide)
Andalusite
Chiastolite
(Aluminium silicate)
Andesine - ((Sodium/Calcium) aluminosilicate)
Andradite
Garnet, Black Melanite (Calcium iron silicate)
Andradite
Garnet, Green Green
Garnet (Calcium iron silicate)
Andradite
Garnet, Red Melanite (Calcium iron silicate)
Andradite
Garnet, Yellow Topazolite (Calcium iron silicate)
Angel
Hair Rutile,
Sagenite, Venus-Hair stone (Titanium oxide)
Angelite Celestite, Celestine
(Strontium sulphate)
Anglesite - (Lead sulphate)
Anhydrite - (Calcium sulphate)
Ankerite - (Calcium (Iron/Magnesium/Manganese)
carbonate)
Annabergite
- (Hydrated nickel arsenate)
Anorthite - (Calcium aluminium silicate)
Anorthoclase
- ((Sodium/Potassium) aluminium
silicate)
Anthophyllite
- ((Magnesium/Iron) hydroxysilicate)
Antigorote
- ((Magnesium/Iron) hydroxysilicate)
Apatite - (Calcium phosphate)
Apophyllite
- (Hydrated potassium calcium fluorohydroxysilicate)
Aquamarine Blue Beryl (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Aragonite Flos
Feri (Calcium
carbonate)
Arfvedsonite
- (Sodium (Iron/Magnesium) hydroxysilicate)
Arsenopyrite
- (Iron arsenic sulphide)
Artinite - (Magnesium hydroxycarbonate)
Asbestos - Crocidolite,
Chrysotile, Riebeckite (Sodium (Iron/Magnesium) iron hydroxysilicate)
Asparagus
Stone Yellow/Green
Apatite (Calcium phosphate)
Astrophyllite
- ((Potassium/Sodium)
(Iron/Manganese) titanium hydroxysilicate)
Atacamite - (Copper hydroxychloride)
Augite -
((Calcium/Sodium) (Magnesium/Iron/Aluminium/Titanium) aluminosilicate)
Aurichalcite
- ((Zinc/Copper) hydroxycarbonate)
Autinite - (Hydrated calcium uranium oxide phosphate)
Aventurine Feldspar
Sunstone, Feldspar, Oligoclase, Orange
Feldspar (Sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Aventurine Quartz
Massive (crystals visible to the naked eye) variety of quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Aventurine, Blue
- (Silicon dioxide)
Aventurine, Green
- (Silicon dioxide)
Aventurine, Orange
- (Silicon dioxide)
Aventurine, Peach
- (Silicon dioxide)
Aventurine, Red
- (Silicon dioxide)
Aventurine, White
White Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Aventurine, Yellow -
(Silicon dioxide)
Axinite - (Calcium (Iron/Manganese) aluminium hydroxyborosilicate)
Azurite Chessylite (Copper hydroxycarbonate)
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Barite Baryte (Barium sulphate)
Baryte
Barite (Barium sulphate)
Barytocalcite
- (Barium calcium carbonate)
Bauxite - (Hydrated Iron hydroxide and Aluminium oxide)
Bayldonite
- ((Lead/Copper) hydroxyarsenate)
Benitoite - (Barium titanium silicate)
Beryl,
Blue Aquamarine (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Beryl,
Clear Goshenite (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Beryl,
Green Emerald (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Beryl,
Green/Red Alexandrite (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Beryl,
Pink Morganite (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Beryl,
Red Bixbite (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Beryl,
Yellow Heliodor (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Beryllonite
- (Sodium beryllium phosphate)
Biotite
((Potassium(Manganese/Iron) (Aluminium/Iron) fluorohydroxysilicate)
Black
Andradite Garnet Melanite (Calcium iron silicate)
Black
Diamond Bort (Carbon)
Black
Obsidian - (Silicon dioxide)
Black
Quartz Morion (Silicon dioxide)
Black
Tourmaline Schorl (Complex borosilicate)
Blende Sphalerite (Zinc
sulphide)
Bloodstone Green Jasper, Heliotrope (Silicon dioxide)
Blue
Aventurine
- (Silicon dioxide)
Blue
Beryl Aquamarine (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Blue
Chalcedony - (Silicon dioxide)
Blue
Corundum Sapphire (Aluminium oxide)
Blue
Howlite
Turquerenite
(Hydrated calcium borosilicate)
Blue
Lace Agate - (Silicon dioxide)
Blue
Pectolite
Larimar, Larimer (Sodium calcium hydroxysilicate)
Blue
Spinel
Gahnospinel (Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Blue
Tigers Eye Chatoyant Quartz,
Falcon's Eye, Hawks Eye (Silicon
dioxide)
Blue
Tourmaline Indicolite,
Indigolite
(Complex borosilicate)
Blue
Vesuvianite
Cyprine
(Calcium aluminium silicate)
Blue
Zoisite
Tanzanite (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Blue/Violet
Diopside Violane (Calcium
magnesium silicate)
Boleite - (Hydrated lead silver copper hydroxychloride)
Bonamite Smithsonite (Zinc
carbonate)
Borax - (Hydrated sodium hydroxyborate)
Bornite
Peacock Ore (Copper iron
sulphide)
Bort
Black Diamond (Carbon)
Boulangerite
- (Lead antimony sulphide)
Bournonite
- (Lead copper antimony sulphide)
Bowenite
Jade (Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Brazilianite
- (Aluminium sodium hydroxyphosphate)
Brochantite
- (Copper hydroxysulphate)
Bronzite -
(Iron magnesium silicate)
Brookite - (Titanium oxide)
Brown
Chalcedony Sard,
Sardstone
(Silicon dioxide)
Brown
Quartz Cairngorm, Smoky
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Brown
Tourmaline Buergerite,
Dravite
(Complex borosilicate)
Brucite Nemalite (Magnesium
hydroxide)
Buergerite
Brown Tourmaline, Dravite (Complex borosilicate)
Burmite Amber,
Succinite, Simetite (Organic plant resin)
Bytownite - ((Sodium/Calcium) aluminosilicate)
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Cairngorm Brown Quartz, Smoky
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Calcite Iceland Spar (Calcium carbonate)
Californite
Green Vesuvianite (Calcium aluminium silicate)
Cancrinite
- (Carbonated sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Carnallite
- (Potassium magnesium hydroxychloride)
Carnelian Yellow/Orange/Brown
chalcedony (Silicon dioxide)
Carnelian
Agate - (Silicon dioxide)
Carnotite - (Hydrated potassium uranium oxide vanadate)
Cassiterite
Tin Stone (Tin Oxide)
Cat's-Eye
Chrysoberyl
Cymophane
(Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Cats
Eye Chatoyant Quartz,
Hawks Eye, Tigers Eye (Silicon dioxide)
Celestine Angelite,
Celestite
(Strontium sulphate)
Celestite Angelite, Celestine
(Strontium sulphate)
Cerussite - (Lead carbonate)
Chabazite - (Hydrated calcium aluminosilicate)
Chalcanthite
- (Hydrated copper sulphate)
Chalcedony Microcrystalline quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Chalcedony,
Blue - (Silicon dioxide)
Chalcedony,
Brown - Sard, Sardstone (Silicon
dioxide)
Chalcedony,
Dark Green - Green Jasper, Bloodstone, Heliotrope,
Plasma (Silicon dioxide)
Chalcedony,
Light Green Chrysoprase (Silicon dioxide)
Chalcedony,
Mid Green Prase (Silicon dioxide)
Chalcedony,
Orange Carnelian, Cornelian (Silicon dioxide)
Chalcedony,
Red Red
Jasper (Silicon dioxide)
Chalcopyrite - (Copper iron sulphide)
Chalcosine
- (Copper iron sulphide)
Chamosite - ((Magnesium/Iron) iron aluminohydroxysilicate)
Chatoyant
Quartz Tigers Eye, Cats Eye,
Hawks Eye (Silicon dioxide)
Chert
Firestone, Flint, Hornstone
(Silicon dioxide)
Chessylite
Azurite (Copper hydroxycarbonate)
Chevron
Amethyst Dogtooth Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Chiastolite
Andalusite, Cross Stone (Aluminium silicate)
Chloanthite
- (Nickel/Cobalt arsenide)
Chlorargyrite
- (Silver chloride)
Chloritoid
- ((Iron/Magnesium/Manganese) hydroxyaluminosilicate)
Chromdravite
Green Tourmaline (Complex
borosilicate)
Chromite - (Iron chromium oxide)
Chrondrodite
- ((Magnesium/Iron) fluorohydroxysilicate)
Chrysoberyl
- (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Chrysoberyl, Alexandrite
- (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Chrysoberyl, Cat's-Eye
Cymophane
(Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Chrysocolla
- (Hydrated (Copper/Aluminium) hydroxysilicate)
Chrysoprase
Light Green Chalcedony, Prase (Silicon dioxide)
Chrysotile Asbestos (Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Cinnabar - (Mercury sulphide)
Citrine Cairngorm, Yellow Topaz, Yellow
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Clear
Beryl Goshenite (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Clear
Orthoclase Adularia (Potassium aluminium silicate)
Clear
Quartz Rock Crystal,
Silica (Silicon dioxide)
Clear
Tourmaline Achroite,
Elbaite
(Complex borosilicate)
Clinochlore
- ((Iron/Magnesium) aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Clinoclase
- (Copper hydroxyarsenate)
Clinozoisite
- (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Cobaltite - (Cobalt arsenic sulphide)
Colemanite
- (Hydrated calcium hydroxyborate)
Colourless
Corundum Diamondite (Aluminium oxide)
Columbite - ((Iron/Manganese) (Niobium/Tantalum) oxide)
Copal Immature (young)
Amber (Organic plant resin)
Copiapite - (Hydrated iron hydroxysulphate)
Coral - (Calcium carbonate)
Cordierite Iolite, Water Sapphire, Dichroite, Vikings Compass
(Magnesium aluminium silicate)
Cornelian Orange Chalcedony,
Carnelian (Silicon dioxide)
Corundum - (Aluminium oxide)
Corundum,
Blue Sapphire (Aluminium oxide)
Corundum,
Colourless Diamondite (Aluminium oxide)
Corundum,
Green Oriental Peridot (Aluminium
oxide)
Corundum,
Pink - (Aluminium oxide)
Corundum,
Pink/Orange Padparadscha (Aluminium oxide)
Corundum,
Red Ruby (Aluminium oxide)
Corundum,
Yellow Oriental Topaz (Aluminium oxide)
Covellite - (Copper sulphide)
Crocidolite
Riebeckite, Asbestos (Sodium (Iron/Magnesium) iron hydroxysilicate)
Crocoite - (Lead chromate)
Cross-Stone Staurolite (Aluminium iron hydroxysilicate)
Cross-Stone Andalusite,
Chiastolite
(Aluminium silicate)
Cryolite - (Sodium aluminium fluoride)
Cuprite - (Copper oxide)
Cyanite Kyanite, Disthene (Aluminium silicate)
Cyanotrichite
- (Hydrated copper aluminium hydroxysulphate)
Cymophane
Cat's-Eye Chrysoberyl (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Cyprine Blue Vesuvianite (Calcium
aluminium silicate)
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Danburite -
(Calcium borosilicate)
Dark
Green Chalcedony Green Jasper,
Bloodstone, Heliotrope, Plasma (Silicon
dioxide)
Datolite - (Calcium hydroxyborosilicate)
Dendritic Agate Mocha
Stone, Tree Stone, Merlinite (Silicon dioxide)
Descloizite
- (Lead (Zinc/Copper) hydroxyvanadate)
Desert
Rose Gypsum, Selenite, Satin Spar
(Hydrated calcium sulphate)
Diaboleite
- (Lead copper hydroxychloride)
Diamond,
Black Bort (Carbon)
Diamondite
Colourless Corundum (Aluminium oxide)
Diaspore - (Aluminium hydroxide)
Dichroite Iolite,
Cordierite, Water Sapphire, Vikings Compass
(Magnesium aluminium silicate)
Diopside, Blue/Violet Violane (Calcium
magnesium silicate)
Diopside, Green - (Calcium magnesium silicate)
Dioptase - (Hydrated copper silicate)
Disthene Kyanite, Cyanite (Aluminium silicate)
Dogtooth
Amethyst Chevron Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Dolomite - (Calcium magnesium carbonate)
Dravite Buergerite, Brown Tourmaline (Complex borosilicate)
Dumortierite
- (Aluminium iron borosilicate)
Dumortierite Quartz
Dumortierite
(Silicon dixide plus Aluminium iron
borosilicate)
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Eilate Stone Chrysocolla/Malachite/Turquoise
Elbaite Clear
Tourmaline, Achroite, Multicoloured Tourmaline (Complex borosilicate)
Elaeolite Nepheline
((Sodium/Potassium) aluminosilicate)
Emerald Green Beryl (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Enargite - (Copper arsenic sulphide)
Enstatite - (Magnesium iron silicate)
Epidote - (Calcium (Aluminium/Iron) hydroxysilicate)
Epsomite - (Hydrated magnesium sulphate)
Erythrite - (Hydrated cobalt arsenate)
Euclase - (Beryllium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Eudialyte - (Sodium (Calcium/Cerium)
(Iron/Manganese/Yttrium) zirconium chlorohydroxysilicate)
F
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Falcon's
Eye Hawks Eye, Chatoyant
Quartz, Cats Eye, Tigers Eye (Silicon
dioxide)
Fayalite
Olivine, Peridot, Forsterite ((Iron/magnesium) silicate)
Feldspar - (Sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Ferrugineous Quartz
Yellow/Brown/Red Quartz (Silicon
dioxide)
Fibrolite Sillimanite (Aluminium silicate)
Fire
Agate - (Silicon dioxide)
Fire
Opal Orange Opal (Hydrated silica gel)
Firestone Chert,
Flint (Silicon dioxide)
Flint Firestone, Chert (Silicon
dioxide)
Flos Feri Aragonite (Calcium carbonate)
Fluorite Fluorspar (Calcium fluoride)
Fluorspar Fluorite (Calcium fluoride)
Fool's
Gold Pyrite, Iron
Pyrite (Iron sulphide)
Forsterite
Olivine, Fayalite ((Iron/magnesium) silicate)
Fortification
Agate - (Silicon dioxide)
Fossilised
Wood Petrified Wood,
Silicified Wood, Hornstone (Silicon
dioxide)
Franklinite - (Zinc/Manganese/Iron Iron/Manganese oxide)
G
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Gadolinite - (Yttrium iron beryllium silicate)
Gahnospinel
Blue Spinel
(Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Galena - (Lead sulphide)
Galuberite
- (Sodium calcium sulphate)
Garnet,
Green Andradite Garnet
(Calcium iron silicate)
Garnet,
Green Green
Grossular Garnet (Calcium aluminium silicate)
Garnet,
Green Uvarovite (Calcium chromium silicate)
Garnet,
Orange Spessartine
Garnet (Manganese aluminium silicate)
Garnet,
Pink Pink Grossular Garnet (Calcium aluminium silicate)
Garnet,
Red Almandine Garnet (Iron aluminium silicate)
Garnet,
Red Pyrope (Magnesium aluminium silicate)
Garnierite - ((Nickel/Magnesium) hydroxysilicate)
Gehlenite - (Calcium aluminosilicate)
Gibbsite - (Aluminium hydroxide)
Glaucodot - (Cobalt/Iron arsenic sulphide)
Glauconite
- ((Potassium/Sodium)
(Iron/Aluminium/Magnesium) aluminohydroxysilicate)
Glaucophane
- (Sodium (Magnesium/Iron) aluminohydroxysilicate)
Goethite - (Iron hydroxide)
Gold
Tigers Eye Chatoyant
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Goshenite Clear Beryl (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Green
Andradite Garnet Green Garnet (Calcium iron silicate)
Green
Aventurine
- (Silicon dioxide)
Green
Beryl Emerald (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Green
Corundum Oriental Peridot (Aluminium
oxide)
Green
Diopside
- (Calcium magnesium silicate)
Green
Garnet Andradite Garnet
(Calcium iron silicate)
Green
Garnet Green Grossular Garnet (Calcium aluminium silicate)
Green
Garnet Uvarovite (Calcium chromium silicate)
Green
Grossular
Green Grossular Garnet (Calcium aluminium
silicate)
Green
Jasper Bloodstone,
Heliotrope, Plasma (Silicon dioxide)
Green
Microcline Amazonite, Amazonstone (Potassium
aluminium silicate)
Green
Spodumene
Hiddenite
(Lithium aluminium silicate)
Green
Tourmaline Chromdravite (Complex borosilicate)
Green
Vesuvianite
Californite
(Calcium aluminium silicate)
Green
Zoisite
- (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Green/Red
Beryl Alexandrite (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Green/Yellow
Tourmaline Uvite (Complex borosilicate)
Greenockite
- (Cadmium sulphide)
Grossular Garnet
Hessonite (Calcium aluminium
silicate)
Grossular, Green Green Grossular Garnet (Calcium
aluminium silicate)
Grossular, Pink Pink Grossular Garnet (Calcium
aluminium silicate)
Grunerite - ((Iron/Magnesium) hydroxysilicate)
Gypsum Selenite,
Satin Spar, Desert Rose (Hydrated
calcium sulphate)
Gyrolite - (Hydrated sodium calcium aluminohydroxysilicate)
H
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Halite Rock Salt, Salt (Sodium chloride)
Halloysite
Kaolinite, Nacrite (Aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Hambergite
- (Beryllium hydroxyborate)
Harmotome - (Hydrated (Barium/Potassium) aluminosilicate)
Hauerite - (Manganese disulphide)
Hauyne
- (Sodium/Calcium aluminosilica sulphate)
Hawks
Eye Chatoyant Quartz,
Cats Eye, Falcon's Eye, Tigers Eye
(Silicon dioxide)
Hedenbergite
- (Calcium iron silicate)
Heliodor Yellow Beryl (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Hematite Kidney ore (Iron oxide)
Hematite,
Specular
- (Iron oxide)
Hemimorphite
- (Hydrated zinc hydroxysilicate)
Herderite - (Calcium beryllium fluorohydroxyphosphate)
Hessonite Orange/Brown Grossular Garnet
(Calcium aluminium silicate)
Heulandite
- (Hydrated (Sodium/Calcium)
(Aluminium/Silicon) aluminosilicate)
Hiddenite Green Spodumene (Lithium
aluminium silicate)
Hornblende - (Calcium (Magnesium/Iron) aluminium fluorohydroxysilicate)
Hornstone Fossilised Wood, Petrified
Wood, Silicified Wood (Silicon dioxide)
Housmannite
- (Manganese oxide)
Howlite, Blue Turquerenite
(Hydrated calcium borosilicate)
Howlite, White - (Hydrated calcium borosilicate)
Humite
- ((Magnesium/Iron) fluorohydroxysilicate)
Hydrozincite
- (Zinc hydroxycarbonate)
Hypersthene
- ((Iron/Magnesium) silicate)
I
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Iceland
Spar Calcite (Calcium carbonate)
Idocrase Green Vesuvianite (Calcium
aluminium silicate)
Ilmenite - (Iron titanium oxide)
Ilvaite - (Calcium iron hydroxysilicate)
Inca
Rose Rhodochrosite (Manganese carbonate)
Indicolite
Indigolite, Blue Tourmaline (Complex borosilicate)
Indigolite
Blue Tourmaline, Indicolite (Complex borosilicate)
Iolite Cordierite, Water
Sapphire, Dichroite, Vikings Compass (Magnesium aluminium silicate)
Iron
Pyrite Pyrite,
Fool's Gold (Iron sulphide)
Iron
Rose Hematite (Iron oxide)
Ivory - (Calcium hydroxyphosphate)
J
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Jade Jadeite (Sodium aluminium silicate)
Jade,
Bowenite
Jade (Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Jade,
Nephrite Nephrite (Calcium magnesium iron silicate)
Jade,
Serpentine Serpentine
Jade (Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Jade,
Williamsite
Jade (Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Jadeite Jade (Sodium (Aluminium/Iron) silicate)
Jamesonite -
(Lead iron antimony sulphide)
Jarlite - (Sodium strontium aluminium hydroxyfluoride)
Jarosite - (Potassium iron hydroxysulphate)
Jasper Opaque Chalcedony (Silicon dioxide)
Jasper,
Green Bloodstone,
Heliotrope, Plasma (Silicon dioxide)
Jasper,
Orbicular Orbicular
Rhyolite, Ocean Jasper
Jasper,
Picture Picture
stone, Kalahari picture stone
Jasper,
Red - (Silicon dioxide)
Jasper,
Yellow -
(Silicon dioxide)
Jet Lignite (Carbon)
K
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Kaolinite Halloysite, Nacrite (Aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Kernite - (Hydrated sodium hydroxyborate)
Kidney
ore Hematite (Iron oxide)
Kornerupine
- (Magnesium aluminium
borosilicate)
Kunzite Pink Spodumene (Lithium aluminium silicate)
Kyanite Cyanite, Disthene (Aluminium silicate)
L
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Labradorite
Plagioclase Feldspar
((Sodium/Calcium) aluminosilicate)
Landscape
Agate - (Silicon dioxide)
Lapis Lapis
Lazuli (rock containing Sodalite, Lazurite, Hauyne, Calcite, Pyrite)
Lapis
Lazuli Lapis (rock containing Sodalite,
Lazurite, Hauyne, Calcite,
Pyrite)
Larimar Blue Pectolite, Larimer (Sodium calcium hydroxysilicate)
Larimer Blue Pectolite, Larimar (Sodium calcium hydroxysilicate)
Laumontite
- (Hydrated calcium aluminosilicate)
Lazulite - ((Magnesium/Iron) aluminium hydroxyphosphate)
Lazurite - ((Sodium/Calcium) chlorosulphate
hydroxyaluminosilicate)
Leadhillite
- (Lead sulphate hydroxycarbonate)
Lepidocrocite
- (Iron hydroxide)
Lepidolite
- ((Potassium (Lithium/Aluminium)
fluorohydroxysilicate)
Leucite - (Potassium aluminosilicate)
Light
Green Chalcedony Chrysoprase (Silicon dioxide)
Lignite Jet (Carbon)
Limonite - (Iron hydroxide)
Linarite - (Lead copper hydroxysulphate)
M
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Magnesite - (Magnesium carbonate)
Magnetite - (Iron oxide)
Mahogany
Obsidian Black and Tan (Silicon dioxide)
Malachite - (Copper hydroxycarbonate)
Manganite - (Manganese hydroxide)
Marcasite - (Iron sulphide)
Marialite Scapolite, Meionite (Complex silicate)
Mauve
Quartz Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Meerschaum - (Hydrated magnesium silicate)
Meershaum Sepiolite (Hydrated
Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Meionite Scapolite, Marialite (Complex silicate)
Melanite Red or
Black Andradite Garnet (Calcium iron
silicate)
Merlinite Agate, Dendritic, Mocha Stone, Tree Stone (Silicon dioxide)
Mesolite - (Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Mexican
Agate Vaquilla (Silicon dioxide)
Microcline,
Green Amazonite, Amazonstone
(Potassium aluminium silicate)
Microcrystalline
Quartz Chalcedony (Silicon dioxide)
Microlote - (Hydroxyfluoridated
(Sodium/Calcium) tantalum oxide)
Mid
Green Chalcedony Prase (Silicon
dioxide)
Milky
Quartz Snow Quartz, White
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Millerite - (Nickel sulphide)
Mimetite - (Lead chlorine arsenate)
Mocha
Stone Agate, Dendritic, Merlinite, Tree
Stone (Silicon dioxide)
Moldavite
Tektite (Silicon dioxide)
Molybdenite -
(Molybdenum disulphide)
Monazite - ((Cerium/Lanthanum/Niodium/Thorium)
phosphate)
Mookaite
Australian Jasper, Blood and Custard
(Silicon dioxide)
Moonstone Opalescent Orthoclase (Potassium aluminium silicate)
Morganite Pink
Beryl (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Morion Black
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Moss
Agate Green Moss
Agate (Silicon dioxide)
Multicoloured
Tourmaline Elbaite (Complex borosilicate)
Muscovite - (Potassium aluminium fluorohydroxysilicate)
N
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Nacrite Kaolinite, Halloysite (Aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Natrolite - (Hydrated sodium aluminosilicate)
Nemalite Brucite (Magnesium hydroxide)
Nepheline Elaeolite
((Sodium/Potassium) aluminosilicate)
Nephrite Nephrite
Jade (Calcium magnesium iron silicate)
Nephrite
Jade Nephrite (Calcium magnesium iron silicate)
Neptunite - (Potassium sodium lithium (Iron/Manganese)
titanium silicate)
New
Cape Amethyst Pale Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Nickeline - (Nickel arsenide)
Nitratine - (Sodium nitrate)
Nosean
- (Sulphated sodium aluminosilicate)
O
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Obsidian - (Silicon dioxide)
Obsidian,
Black - (Silicon dioxide)
Obsidian,
Mahogany Black and Tan (Silicon dioxide)
Obsidian,
Snowflake - (Silicon dioxide)
Oligoclase
Sunstone, Orange Feldspar, Aventurine
Feldspar ((Sodium/Calcium) aluminosilicate)
Olivine Peridot,
Forsterite, Fayalite ((Iron/magnesium) silicate)
Olivinite - (Copper hydroxyarsenate)
Onyx Parallel banded
chalcedony (Silicon dioxide)
Opal - (Hydrated silicon dioxide)
Opal,
Orange Fire Opal (Hydrated silicon dioxide)
Opal,
Precious - (Hydrated silicon dioxide)
Opal,
Wood Opalised
Wood (Hydrated silicon dioxide)
Opalescent,
Orthoclase Moonstone (Potassium aluminium silicate)
Opalised Wood Wood Opal (Hydrated
silicon dioxide)
Orange
Aventurine
- (Silicon dioxide)
Orange
Chalcedony Carnelian,
Cornelian (Silicon dioxide)
Orange
Feldspar Sunstone, Feldspar, Oligoclase, Aventurine
Feldspar (Sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Orange
Garnet Spessartine
Garnet (Manganese aluminium silicate)
Orange
Opal Fire Opal (Hydrated silicon dioxide)
Orbicular
Jasper Orbicular Rhyolite, Ocean Jasper
Oriental
Peridot
Green Corundum (Aluminium oxide)
Oriental
Topaz Yellow Corundum (Aluminium oxide)
Orpiment - (Arsenic Sulphide)
Orthoclase,
Clear Adularia (Potassium aluminium silicate)
Orthoclase,
Opalescent Moonstone (Potassium aluminium silicate)
Orthoclase,
Yellow - (Potassium aluminium silicate)
P
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Padparadscha
Pink/Orange Corundum (Aluminium
oxide)
Pale
Amethyst New Cape
Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Peach
Aventurine
- (Silicon dioxide)
Peacock
Ore Bornite (Copper iron sulphide)
Pearl - (Calcium carbonate)
Pectolite - (Sodium calcium hydroxysilicate)
Pectolite, Blue Larimar, Larimer (Sodium
calcium hydroxysilicate)
Pentlandite
- (Iron/Nickel sulphide)
Peridot
Gem-quality Olivine (Magnesium
iron silicate)
Perovskite
- (Calcium titanium oxide)
Petalite -
(Lithium aluminium silicate)
Petrified
Wood Fossilised Wood,
Silicified Wood, Hornstone (Silicon
dioxide)
Phenakite - (Beryllium silicate)
Phillipsite
- (Hydrated
(Potassium/Sodium/Calcium) aluminosilicate)
Phlogopite
- (Potassium magnesium aluminium fluorohydroxysilicate)
Phosphophyllite
- (Hydrated zinc phosphate)
Pictotite Spinel, Pleonaste (Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Picture
Jasper Picture stone,
Kalahari picture stone
Pink
Beryl Morganite (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Pink
Corundum - (Aluminium oxide)
Pink
Garnet Pink Grossular Garnet (Calcium aluminium silicate)
Pink
Grossular
Pink Grossular Garnet (Calcium aluminium
silicate)
Pink
Quartz Rose Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Pink
Spodumene
Kunzite (Lithium aluminium
silicate)
Pink/Orange
Corundum Padparadscha (Aluminium oxide)
Pink/Red
Tourmaline Rubellite (Complex borosilicate)
Pink/Red
Zoisite
Thulite
(Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Plagioclase
Feldspar - (Sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Pleonaste Spinel, Pictotite (Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Polybasite
- (Silver antimony sulphide)
Polyhalite
- (Hydrated potassium magnesium
calcium sulphate)
Prase Chrysoprase, Mid Green Chalcedony (Silicon dioxide)
Precious
Opal - (Hydrated silicon dioxide)
Prehnite - (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Proustite - (Silver arsenic sulphide)
Pyrargyrite
- (Silver antimony sulphide)
Pyrite Fool's Gold, Iron
Pyrite (Iron sulphide)
Pyrochlore
- (Hydroxyfluoridated
(Sodium/Calcium/Uranium) (Niobium/Tantalum/Titanium) oxide)
Pyrolusite
- (Manganese oxide)
Pyromorphite
- (Lead chlorine phosphate)
Pyrope Garnet
(Magnesium aluminium silicate)
Pyrophyllite
- (Aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Pyrrhotite
- (Iron sulphide)
Q
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Quartz Silica (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Amethyst Mauve quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Aventurine
Massive Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Brown Cairngorm, Smoky
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Chatoyant Tigers Eye
(Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Citrine
Cairngorm, Yellow Topaz (Silicon
dioxide)
Quartz,
Clear Rock Crystal,
Silica (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Dumortierite
Dumortierite
(Silicon dixide plus Aluminium iron borosilicate)
Quartz,
Ferrugineous
Yellow/Brown/Red quartz (Silicon
dioxide)
Quartz,
Mauve Amethyst (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Microcrystalline Chalcedony (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Milky Snow Quartz, White
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Morion
Black Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Pink Rose Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Rose Pink Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Rutillated
Sagenite, Angel Hair (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Smoky Brown Quartz,
Cairngorm (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Snow Milky Quartz, Snow
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Tourmalinated
- (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
White Milky Quartz, Snow
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Quartz,
Yellow Citrine (Silicon dioxide)
R
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Realgar
- (Arsenic sulphide)
Red
Andradite Garnet Melanite (Calcium
iron silicate)
Red
Aventurine -
(Silicon dioxide)
Red
Beryl Bixbite (Beryllium
aluminium silicate)
Red
Chalcedony Red Jasper (Silicon dioxide)
Red
Corundum Ruby (Aluminium oxide)
Red
Garnet Almandine
Garnet (Iron aluminium silicate)
Red
Garnet Pyrope (Magnesium
aluminium silicate)
Red
Jasper - (Silicon dioxide)
Red
Spinel Ruby (Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Red
Tigers Eye Chatoyant
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Red/Violet/Blue
Tourmaline Siberite (Complex borosilicate)
Reindeer
Stone Tugtupite (Sodium aluminium beryllium silicate)
Rhodochrosite
Inca Rose (Manganese carbonate)
Rhodolite - ((Manganese/Iron/Magnesium/Calcium) silicate)
Rhodonite - (Manganese silicate)
Richterite
- (Sodium calcium
(Magnesium/Iron) hydroxysilicate)
Riebeckite
Asbestos, Crocidolite (Sodium (Iron/Magnesium) iron hydroxysilicate)
Rock
Crystal Clear Quartz,
Silica (Silicon dioxide)
Rock
Salt Halite, Salt (Sodium chloride)
Romanechite
- ((Barium hydroxide)) manganese
oxide)
Rose
Quartz Pink Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Rubellite
Pink/Red Tourmaline (Complex
borosilicate)
Rubicelle
Yellow/Red Spinel (Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Ruby Red Corundum (Aluminium oxide)
Ruby Red Spinel (Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Rutile
Angel Hair, Sagenite (Titanium oxide)
Rutillated Quartz
Sagenite, Angel Hair (Silicon dioxide)
S
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Sagenite Rutile, Angel Hair (Titanium
oxide)
Salt Halite, Rock Salt (Sodium chloride)
Samarskite
- ((Yttrium/Cerium/Uranium/Iron)
(Niobium/Tantalum/Titanium) oxide)
Sanidine - (Potassium aluminium silicate)
Sapphire Blue Corundum (Aluminium oxide)
Sard Sardstone (Silicon
dioxide)
Sardonyx White
and Red/Brown banded Sard (Silicon dioxide)
Satin
Spar Gypsum, Selenite, Desert Rose
(Hydrated calcium sulphate)
Saualpite Zoisite (Calcium
aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Scapolite Meionite, Marialite (Complex silicate)
Scheelite - (Calcium tungstate)
Schorl Black
Tourmaline (Complex borosilicate)
Scolecite - (Hydrated calcium aluminosilicate)
Scorodite - (Hydrated iron arsenate)
Selenite Gypsum,
Satin Spar, Desert Rose (Hydrated
calcium sulphate)
Sepiolite Meershaum (Hydrated
Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Serpentine
Jade Jade (Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Shell - (Calcium carbonate)
Siberite
Red/Violet Blue Tourmaline
(Complex borosilicate)
Siderite - (Iron carbonate)
Silica Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Silicified
Wood Hornstone, Fossilised
Wood, Petrified Wood (Silicon dioxide)
Sillimanite
Fibrolite (Aluminium silicate)
Simetite Amber, Succinite, Burmite (Organic plant resin)
Sinhalite - (Magnesium aluminium iron borate)
Skutterudite
- (Cobalt arsenide)
Smaltite - (Cobalt/Nickel arsenide)
Smithsonite
Bonamite
(Zinc carbonate)
Smoky
Quartz Brown Quartz,
Cairngorm (Silicon dioxide)
Snow
Quartz Milky Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Snowflake
Obsidian - (Silicon dioxide)
Sodalite - (Sodium aluminium silicate)
Spectrolite Plagioclase Feldspar (Sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Specular Hematite Hematite (Iron
oxide)
Spessartine
Orange Garnet (Manganese
aluminium silicate)
Sphalerite
Blende
(Zinc sulphide)
Sphene Titanite (Calcium titanium silicate)
Spinel Pictotite, Pleonaste (Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Spinel, Blue Gahnospinel
(Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Spinel, Red
Ruby (Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Spinel, Yellow/Red Rubicelle (Magnesium
aluminium oxide)
Spodumene, Green Hiddenite (Lithium
aluminium silicate)
Spodumene, Pink
Kunzite (Lithium aluminium
silicate)
Staurolite
Cross-Stone ((Iron/Magnesium/Zinc)
hydroxyaluminosilicate)
Stephanite
- (Silver antimony sulphide)
Stibconite
- (Antimony hydroxide)
Stibnite - (Antimony sulphide)
Stilbite - (Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Strontianite
- (Strontium carbonate)
Succinite Amber, Burmite, Simetite (Organic plant resin)
Sunstone Oligoclase,
Orange Feldspar, Aventurine Feldspar (Sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Sylvanite - (Gold silver telluride)
Sylvite - (Potassium chloride)
T
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS
(CHEMICAL NAME)
Taafeite
- (Beryllium magnesium aluminium
oxide)
Talc - (Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Tanzanite Blue Zoisite (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Tektite Moldavite (Silicon dioxide)
Tennantite
- (Copper/Iron arsenic sulphide)
Tetrahedrite
- (Copper antimony sulphide)
Thenardite
- (Sodium sulphate)
Thomsonite
- (Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate)
Thulite
Pink/Red Zoisite (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Tigers
Eye, Blue Chatoyant Quartz, Hawks Eye, Falcon's Eye (Silicon dioxide)
Tigers
Eye, Gold Chatoyant
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Tigers
Eye, Red Chatoyant
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Tin
Stone Cassiterite (Tin
Oxide)
Titanite Sphene (Calcium
titanium silicate)
Topaz - (Aluminium fluorohydroxysilicate)
Topazolite
Yellow Andradite Garnet (Calcium iron silicate)
Torbernite
- (Hydrated copper uranium oxide
phosphate)
Tourmalinated Quartz
- (Silicon dioxide)
Tourmaline,
Black Schorl (Complex borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Blue Indicolite,
Indigolite
(Complex borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Brown Buergerite,
Dravite (Complex
borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Clear Achroite,
Elbaite
(Complex borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Green Chromdravite (Complex borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Green/Yellow Uvite (Complex borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Multicoloured Elbaite (Complex borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Pink/Red Rubellite (Complex borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Red/Violet Blue Siberite (Complex borosilicate)
Tourmaline,
Watermelon Pink/Green
Tourmaline (Complex borosilicate)
Tree
Agate Green Tree
Agate (Silicon dioxide)
Tree
Stone Agate, Dendritic, Merlinite, Mocha
Stone (Silicon dioxide)
Tremolite - (Calcium (Magnesium/Iron) hydroxysilicate)
Trona
- (Hydrated Sodium hydroxycarbonate)
Tugtupite - Reindeer Stone (Sodium aluminium beryllium silicate)
Tungstite - (Hydrated tungsten oxide)
Turquerenite
Blue Howlite
(Hydrated calcium borosilicate)
Turquoise -
(Hydrated copper aluminium hydroxyphosphate)
Tyuyamunite
- (Hydrated calcium uranium oxide
vanadate)
U
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Ulexite - (Hydrated calcium sodium hydroxyborate)
Uraninite - (Uranium oxide)
Uvarovite Green
Garnet (Calcium chromium silicate)
Uvite
Green/Yellow Tourmaline (Complex
borosilicate)
V
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Vanadinite
- (Lead chlorine vanadate)
Vaquilla Mexican
Agate (Silicon dioxide)
Variscite - (Hydrated aluminium phosphate)
Venus-Hair
stone Angel Hair, Rutile, Sagenite (Titanium oxide)
Vermiculite - (Hydrated (Magnesium/Iron/Aluminium) hydroxysilicate)
Vesuvianite
Idocrase
(Calcium aluminium silicate)
Vesuvianite, Blue
Cyprine
(Calcium aluminium silicate)
Vesuvianite, Green
Californite
(Calcium aluminium silicate)
Vikings
Compass Iolite, Cordierite,
Water Sapphire, Dichroite (Magnesium aluminium silicate)
Violane Blue/Violet
Diopside
(Calcium magnesium silicate)
Vivianite - (Hydrated iron phosphate)
Volborthite
- (Hydrated copper hydroxyvanadate)
W
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Wad - (Mixture of metal oxides and hydroxides)
Water
Sapphire Iolite, Cordierite, Dichroite, Vikings Compass
(Magnesium aluminium silicate)
Watermelon
Tourmaline Pink/Green
Tourmaline (Complex borosilicate)
Wavellite - (Hydrated aluminium hydroxyfluorophosphate)
White
Aventurine
White Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
White
Howlite
- (Hydrated calcium borosilicate)
White
Quartz Milky Quartz, Snow
Quartz (Silicon dioxide)
Willemite -
(Zinc silicate)
Williamsite
Jade (Magnesium hydroxysilicate)
Witherite - (Barium carbonate)
Wolframite
- ((Iron/Manganese) tungstate)
Wollastonite
- (Calcium silicate)
Wood
Opal Opalised
Wood (Hydrated silicon dioxide)
Wulfenite - (Lead molybdate)
X
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Xenotime - (Yttrium phosphate)
Y
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Yellow
Andradite Garnet Topazolite (Calcium iron silicate)
Yellow
Aventurine
- (Silicon dioxide)
Yellow
Beryl Heliodor (Beryllium aluminium silicate)
Yellow
Corundum Oriental Topaz (Aluminium oxide)
Yellow
Jasper - (Silicon dioxide)
Yellow
Orthoclase - (Potassium aluminium silicate)
Yellow
Quartz Citrine (Silicon dioxide)
Yellow
Zoisite
- (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Yellow/Red
Spinel
Rubicelle
(Magnesium aluminium oxide)
Z
NAME ALSO KNOWN AS (CHEMICAL
NAME)
Zincite - (Zinc oxide)
Zircon Zirconia (Zirconium silicate)
Zirconia
Zircon (Zirconium silicate)
Zoisite Saualpite (Calcium
aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Zoisite, Blue
Tanzanite (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Zoisite, Green - (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Zoisite, Pink/Red Thulite (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
Zoisite, Yellow - (Calcium aluminium hydroxysilicate)
© Derek Haselden 2017